Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica
Invited Review

A comprehensive review of scapulothoracic abnormal motion (STAM): evaluation, classification, and treatment strategies

1.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye

2.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Shoulder Institute, Boston, USA

AOTT 2024; 58: 187-195
DOI: 10.5152/j.aott.2024.24066
Read: 309 Downloads: 120 Published: 18 September 2024

Abstract
The term “dyskinesia” has often been used interchangeably with “winging,” leading to ambiguity in the literature. To address this, the broader term “scapulothoracic abnormal motion (STAM)” was introduced to describe any abnormal position or movement of the scapula on the chest, resulting in pain and dysfunction. Scapulothoracic abnormal motion has a wide range of causes, including musculoskeletal imbalances such as pectoralis minor hyperactivity, neurological impairments such as long thoracic nerve palsy, and genetic conditions like facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). This review aims to identify the different causes and classifications of STAM and to propose a detailed treatment algorithm specifically designed to manage these conditions effectively.

Cite this article as: Gedik CC, Eren İ, Demirhan M, Elhassan B. A comprehensive review of scapulothoracic abnormal motion (stam): evaluation, classification, and treatment strategies. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc., 2024;58(4):187-195.

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ISSN 1017-995X EISSN 2589-1294